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1.
Abstract. Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) was found in a nearshore, natural population of the red-tide dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis. Initial hydrolysis rates were enhanced by two orders of magnitude within 24 h upon addition of ammonium. Other nutrient (additions) or no additions also lead to a higher, although less pronounced increase in activity. Enhanced growth after nutrient additions combined with specific APA indicated that the bloom was both N and P limited. Since the natural population was a mixture of diatoms and the dinoflagellate, APA was also measured in unialgal cultures of P. brevis. APA was not reduced but enhanced by the addition of low concentrations of orthophosphate (0.5 and 1 μM). Higher orthophosphate concentrations (5 to 20 μM) reduced APA, although activity returned to control levels within 2 to 6h. Repression occurred within 30 sec after a 20 μM orthophosphate addition. Cells which had APA repressed by an orthophosphate addition regained their initial activity within 2 h after washing with phosphate-free media. Phosphorus-deficient cells of P. brevis possess an alkaline phosphatase system which is capable of continued activity at low in situ orthophosphate levels. 相似文献
2.
渤海裸甲藻和链状亚历山大藻的麻痹性贝毒毒素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:分析渤海裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)和链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)的麻痹性贝毒毒素,为渤海天津海域的赤潮研究积累基础数据。方法:通过实验室培养裸甲藻和链状亚历山大藻,选取对数生长期、平台生长期的裸甲藻以及平台生长期的链状亚历山大藻,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对这两种微藻进行麻痹性贝毒(PSP)毒素分析。结果:裸甲藻细胞内不含有麻痹性贝毒(PSP);链状亚历山大藻细胞内含有C毒素和GTX1-4毒素,该微藻每个细胞毒素含量约为10.81 fmol/cell。结论:裸甲藻细胞内虽不含有麻痹性贝毒(PSP),但不能排除其含有其它毒素的可能。链状亚历山大藻细胞内含有麻痹性贝毒(PSP),属于有毒微藻,需要对其进行密切监测。 相似文献
3.
A. Lincoln MacKenzie 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2014,48(3):430-465
New Zealand's reputation as a supplier of high quality food products is vital to the national economy; international consumers are acutely aware of food safety issues and markets are increasingly demanding higher standards. Filter feeding bivalves are particularly sensitive to the nature of the environment in which they are grown, and quality assurance is a major preoccupation of the shellfish aquaculture industry. With the exception of a couple of incidents, most notably the Gymnodinium catenatum blooms in 2000–2003, paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) contamination has, to date, not had an important effect on the economics and sustainability of the industry. However, the dinoflagellate species responsible for producing these toxins are not uncommon in New Zealand coastal phytoplankton communities, and it is important that awareness of the potential risk is maintained. This review summarises what we know about the causes and incidence of PST contamination from research and monitoring over the last 20 years, since it was first identified in New Zealand. It describes the dynamics of major events and their consequences, and evaluates what is likely to happen in the future as aquaculture expands into new areas with known histories of this problem. 相似文献
4.
David J. Stirling 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):851-857
In 1994 a major biotoxin event occurred along the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand. Gymnodimine, a unique bioactive spiroimine, was isolated and characterised from Foveaux Strait dredge oysters (Tiostrea chilensis = Ostrea chilensis) collected during this outbreak. This study reports the results of liquid chromatographic‐mass spectrometric analysis for gymnodimine in 217 samples from eight species of shellfish over the years 1993–99. Of these samples 155, covering six species of shellfish, contained detectable gymnodimine with a range in concentration from 14.8 to 23 400 μg/kg. Gymnodimine‐containing shellfish occurred at 37 of the 63 sites sampled from around New Zealand. This study demonstrates that accumulation of gymnodimine is not limited to T. chilensis and can occur in other shellfish species over much of New Zealand. Gymnodimine is a possible cause of the numerous historical biotoxin screen‐positive results. 相似文献
5.
文章通过研究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对短裸甲藻的活性氧自由基(ROS,主要为H_2O_2)水平、过氧化标志产物丙二醛(MDA)含量以及对细胞亚显微结构的影响,初步揭示DBP抑制短裸甲藻的机理,为沿海赤潮的控制和有效防治提供有力的支持。研究结果表明,DBP通过引起短裸甲藻细胞内活性氧自由基的过度积累而引起膜质过氧化,与不添加DBP的对照组相比,在低浓度DBP(0.1mg/L)的影响下,H_2O_2含量前48h变化比较平稳,48h以后逐渐下降。而在高浓度DBP(10mg/L)的影响下,H_2O_2含量变化波动明显,暴露72h后,H_2O_2含量达到248.24nmol·(10~7cells)~(-1),约是对照组的4.67倍。过氧化标志产物MDA在低浓度DBP(0.1mg/L)处理后暴露24h分别出现峰值0.23μmol·(10~9cells)~(-1)、0.28μmol·(10~9cells)~(-1),高浓度DBP(10 mg/L)处理MDA含量24h后持续上升,72h时高达0.351μmol·(10~9 cells)-1,约是对照组的2.32倍。同时DBP可以引起短裸甲藻细胞结构受损,表现在叶绿体、线粒体等细胞器变模糊,细胞空泡化,原生质膜皱缩,细胞脂质体(黑色颗粒)明显增多等,初步认为过氧化损伤为化感物质作用机理。 相似文献
6.
FAN Lijing) SUI Zhenghong) * MAO Yunxiang) and GUO Hao) ) Division of Life Science Technology Ocean University of China Qingdao P. R. China ) National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center State Oceanic Administration Dalian P. R. China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(1):33-39
1 Introduction Dinoflagellate Alexandrium has received intensive at-tention in recent years, as it is a valuable bioactive com-pound resource and related to harmful algal bloom (HAB)which has negative impact on marine ecology systemaquiculture, human health and tourism (Hallegraeff andBolch, 1992; Smayda, 1997; Vale and Antonia de MSampayo, 2001). However, not all of the species in genusAlexandrium produce toxin (Wendy et al., 2001), so rapididentification and clarification of the phyloge… 相似文献
7.
烟台四十里湾海域红色裸甲藻赤潮发展过程及其成因 总被引：35，自引：9，他引：35
对1998年8月中旬至9月中旬烟台四十里湾发生的大规模赤潮进行调查研究。结果表明，此次赤潮发生面积约为100km^2，其原因种为红色裸甲藻Gymnodinium sanguineum,密度高达1560ind/ml，是我国首次记录的由该种生物引起的规模赤潮。大量衰亡赤潮生物的分解消耗水体的溶解氧，引起下层水体严重缺氧，导致养殖的扇贝大批死亡。赤潮的成因主要是大量陆源有机物、营养盐类的排入和大规模贝类筏式养殖的自身污染，为赤潮生物的暴发性增殖提供丰富的物质基础；适宜的水文气象条件亦为赤潮的发生提供良好的物理环境。 相似文献
8.
氮、磷比对两种赤潮藻生长特性的影响及藻间竞争作用 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
研究了两种赤潮藻即假微型海链藻(Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasleet Heimdalh)和裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)在不同氮磷比培养条件下的生长特性和藻间竞争作用,探讨了氮磷含量及其比值对赤潮爆发的影响机理.结果表明,在N/P=16条件下,假微型海链藻的最大比增长率最高、相对生长常数最大、平均倍增时间最短,叶绿素a含量最高,说明该N/P值是假微型海链藻最佳生长营养盐条件.对裸甲藻而言,N/P=6是其最佳生长的营养盐条件.叶绿素a含量受N/P值的影响和藻细胞密度所受的影响趋势基本一致.不同N/P值对藻间竞争作用和群落演替的总体影响不明显,都呈现先硅藻后甲藻的群落演替规律.裸甲藻可能具有利用体内磷来维持生长的特点. 相似文献
9.
为揭示链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)对不同氮源和磷源营养条件的适应机制,通过在不同营养盐浓度和形态条件下对链状裸甲藻进行一次性培养,探究了氮源、磷源对链状裸甲藻生长和酶活性的影响。结果显示,链状裸甲藻可在多种形态氮和磷的条件中生存,其中链状裸甲藻在氮浓度0～800μmol/L范围内对NH4Cl的亲和性最高,在磷浓度0～32μmol/L范围内对三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的利用能力最低。不同氮形态处理组中,培养初期谷氨酰胺合成酶在NH4Cl为氮源的条件下活性表达最强;培养中后期,谷氨酰胺合成酶和脲酶在尿素为氮源条件中表达最高,而各处理组中的硝酸还原酶活性均较低,表明链状裸甲藻在低硝酸盐环境中没有竞争优势。不同磷形态处理中,各组碱性磷酸酶活性随培养时间先升高后降低,酸性磷酸酶活性(除ATP处理组外)逐渐降低。ATP为磷源的处理组具有最高的碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,其他三个处理组酶活性表达相似。研究发现不同氮源和磷源显著影响链状裸甲藻的生长,藻细胞可通过调节谷氨酰胺合成酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性对不同形态营养盐进行利... 相似文献
10.
为研究链状裸甲藻所产麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins, PST)在翡翠贻贝体内的累积、转化和排出规律,设置试验组和对照组,采用链状裸甲藻和中肋骨条藻投喂翡翠贻贝,开展短期累积(12 h)、长期累积(10 d)和排出(28 d)试验。结果表明:翡翠贻贝具有较强的毒素累积能力,内脏团是PST累积的主要部位, PST含量与产毒藻密度呈显著正相关关系。当链状裸甲藻密度为1.0×106cells/L时,贻贝内脏团PST含量累积2 h已接近食用贝类毒素安全标准,累积8 h超标。当产毒藻密度为5.0×105 cells/L时,贻贝内脏团PST含量累积2 d超标,累积8 d达到峰值(3 590.4±545.7)μg/kg。贻贝对PST具有累积快排出慢的特点,内脏团PST含量在排出16 d达标,排出速率先快后慢。内脏团对PST的累积和排出速率显著高于闭壳肌和其他组织,闭壳肌和其他组织则无显著差异。PST进入贻贝体内后发生了代谢转化,贻贝可能将产毒藻中膝沟藻毒素GTX3转化为GTX2, N-磺酰氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素C2转化为C1,部分C1转化为脱氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素2(dc... 相似文献